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Coordinating effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of progress is a core component of MoP’s overall responsibility for oversight of the NSDP. The information used for NSDP M&E includes administrative data such as that collected by line Ministry Management Information Systems (MIS); and data from national surveys led by the NIS.
The key M&E product for the NSDP is the Annual Progress Report (APR) on NSDP monitoring and evaluation. This is intended to assess progress made or shortfalls encountered in implementing the NSDP over the previous year, along with analysis of causes for success or failure. It is designed to inform policy-makers, the Cambodian public and external development partners about progress and to serve as a convenient reference and resource document to a wide range of stakeholders interested in Cambodia.
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Monitoring is the continuous or routine supervision of an activity, institutionalized as part of the regular work of an organization, which compares work to the plan for the purposes of checking whether the plan is being followed (implementation) and whether it is likely to lead to the desired development outcomes (results). It tracks a relatively constant set of indicators (predominantly input, output and activity indicators), with an emphasis upon tracking effiency (e.g. ratio of outputs to inputs) and making course corrections during implementation.
By contrast, evaluation is a more in-depth and systematic assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of public action. Compared to monitoring, evaluation is a more infrequent and intensive exercise, which collects data on outcome and impact indicators as well as input and output indicators. Evaluation seeks to identify cause-effect relationships between inputs, outputs and activities on the one hand and observed change in outcomes on the other, in order to assess the effectiveness of spending and policy in terms of meeting ultimate goals, and so make recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future decisions.
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